# Laravel

# 快取指令

### 安裝laravel

##### php & composer

```
sudo apt install php composer php-cli php-common php-mbstring php-xml php-zip php-mysql php-json php-bcmath php-curl php-gd php-tokenizer php8.1-xml php-fpm mariadb-server nginx
```

這裡要是需要或習慣安裝apache or nginx，nginx需要使用php-fpm

```
php -v
```

```
sudo apt install curl php-cli php-mbstring git unzip
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | sudo php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer
```

```
composer --version
```

##### install laravel  


```
composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel your-project-name
cd your-project-name
```

### install apache2 or nginx

##### apache

```
sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/your-project-name.conf
```

```
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName your-domain-or-ip
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/your-project-name/public
    <Directory /var/www/html/your-project-name>
        AllowOverride All
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
```

```
sudo a2enmod rewrite
```

Enable the virtual host:

```
sudo a2ensite your-project-name.conf
```

Restart Apache for the changes to take effect:

```
sudo systemctl restart apache2
```

##### nginx

```
sudo vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/your-project-name
```

```
server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    server_name your-domain-or-ip;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
    }

server {
    listen 443 ssl default_server;
    server_name your-domain-or-ip;

    include snippets/ssl;
    include snippets/ssl;

    root /var/www/html/your-project-name/public;
    index index.php;

    location / {
 #       try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }

    error_page 404 /404.html;
    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
    root /var/www/html;
    }
    
        location ~ \.php$ {
               include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        #      With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
                fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                include fastcgi_params;
        #       # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
        #       fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        }
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #

        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
#       add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' *;
#       add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' true;
#       add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload";
#       add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self' http: https: data: blob: 'unsafe-inline'" always;

        location ~*  \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|svg)$ {
                expires 365d;
        }

        location ~*  \.(pdf|css|html|js|swf)$ {
                expires 2d;
        }

        location ~ /\.ht {
                deny all;
        }

        location ~ ^/\.user\.ini {
                deny all;
        }

       location ~ /.well-known/acme-challenge {
        root /var/www/html;
               allow all;
        }

        location ~ /\.ht {
                deny all;
        }
}
```

Replace your-domain-or-ip with your actual domain name or server IP address.  
Enable the Nginx server block:

```
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/your-project-name /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
```

Test the Nginx configuration for any syntax errors:

```
sudo nginx -t
```

Restart Nginx for the changes to take effect:

```
sudo systemctl restart nginx
```

### MariaDB 資料庫

##### 在安裝好 MariaDB 資料庫後，使用前建議先調整一下安全性的設定：

MariaDB/MySQL 資料庫安全性設定

```
sudo mysql_secure_installation
```

使用 root 登入 MariaDB/MySQL 資料庫

```
sudo mysql -u root -p
```

#### 建立 laravel 資料庫

```
CREATE DATABASE laravel;
CREATE USER `user`@`localhost` IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword';
GRANT ALL ON laravel.* TO `user`@`localhost`;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
```

編輯 Laravel 專案目錄中的 .env 設定檔，將資料庫的相關資訊填入其中：

```
DB_DATABASE=laravel
DB_USERNAME=user
DB_PASSWORD=yourpassword
```

除了 .env 的設定檔之外，也可以直接編輯 config/database.php 中的資料庫設定。

```
php artisan serve 伺服器   #開啟服務，預設8000
php artisan migrate       #建立使用資料庫
php artisan about         #快速瀏覽環境設定
```

Configure Laravel

```
cp .env.example .env
```

Generate a new application key

```
php artisan key:generate
```

Set the appropriate permissions on Laravel directories

```
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/your-project-name/storage
sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/your-project-name/storage
```

##### Laravel Breeze

```
composer require laravel/breeze --dev      # 安裝Breeze
```

安裝npm跟nodejs，請注意版本問題

```
sudo apt install npm
sudo apt install nodejs
```

<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">**ubuntu 系統函式庫的nodejs版本通常會太舊，可以用下方方式處理，請問注意版本 ，或可以從https://nodejs.org/en下載**</span>

```
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | sudo -E bash - 
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
php artisan breeze:install
php artisan migrate
npm install
```

直接運作

```
npm run dev
```

### php artisan用法

```
php artisan env:encrypt      #加密環境變數
```

<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">**備註：完成後會加密.env並更名成.env.encrypted，然後會輸出密碼，也可以用下方指令修改密碼。**</span>

```
php artisan env:encrypt --key=密碼
php artisan env:decrypt       #解密
```

**<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">備註：--key 解密密碼</span>**

```
php artisan env:decrypt --force
```

php artisan serve #不使用webagent直接運作，預設8000port

```
php artisan serve       #不使用webagent直接運作，預設8000port
```

##### 製作mode（database一起建立）

資料庫資料的建立與使用概略流程：

make:model-&gt;migrate-&gt;make:factory-&gt;make:seeder-&gt;db:seed-&gt;make:controller-&gt;create view-&gt;set route

```
php artisan make:model Movie -m
```

```
php artisan migrate     #資料庫創建
php artisan make:migration create_新table名稱_table     #建立新table
php artisan make:migration create_aboutme_photo — table=aboutme  
php artisan migrate:status     #資料庫建制狀態
php artisan migrate：rollback  #資料庫還原
php artisan migrate:refresh    #資料庫重鍵（資料會不見）
```

##### 製作Factory資料夾

```
php artisan make:factory MovieFactory --model=Movie
```

##### 製作seeder

```
php artisan make:seeder MovieSeeder
```

##### 製作control

```
php artisan make:controller MovieController
```

#####  啟用維護模式

```
php artisan down
```

備註：  
後方可以增加--refresh=(秒數) 來告訴伺服器多久要重新整理一次  
\--render="errors::503" 可以放置503網頁的view

##### 關閉維護模式

```
php artisan up
```

使用密鑰繞過維護模式

```
php artisan down --secret="1630542a-246b-4b66-afa1-dd72a4c43515"  
```

 使用方式：https://example.com/1630542a-246b-4b66-afa1-dd72a4c43515

##### 在app新增job類別

```
php artisan make:job
```

**<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">備註：</span> <span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">可使用php artisan make list 來檢查可以新增的類別</span>**

##### route列表

```
php artisan route:list
```

**<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">備註：</span>**

1. **<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">--except-vendor是會顯示影藏在第三方的route</span>**
2. **<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">--only-vendor 只顯示第三方套件</span>**
3. **<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">-v 會顯示Route Middleware</span>**
4. **<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">--path=api cjo4vu04g4eo32u/4</span>**
5. **<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">會顯示給URI開頭的Route</span>**

```
php artisan vendor:publish --tag=laravel-pagination
```

**<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">前台使用tailwindcss 而後台是 bootstrap</span>**  
**<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">這個路徑就是 Laravel 內置的格式／排版 resources/views/vendor/pagination</span>**

##### <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">清除cache</span>

```
php artisan cache:clear
php artisan route:clear
php artisan view:clear
```

### Route使用

```
Route::get($uri, $callback);
Route::post($uri, $callback);
Route::put($uri, $callback);
Route::patch($uri, $callback);
Route::delete($uri, $callback);
Route::options($uri, $callback);
```

```
Route::match(['get', 'post'], '/', function () {
 // ...
});
Route::any('/', function () {
 // ...
});
```

##### 重新導向

```
Route::redirect('/here', '/there');
Route::redirect('/here', '/there', 301);
Route::permanentRedirect('/here', '/there');
```

 重導至路徑為 users/index 的位址

```
redirect()->to("users/index");
```

 使用全域輔助捷徑，有同樣的效果

```
redirect("users/index");
```

 使用靜態介面, 也有同樣的效果

```
Redirect::to("users/index"); 
```

 靜態介面捷徑

```
Redirect("users/index");
```

```
Route::view('/welcome', 'welcome');
Route::view('/welcome', 'welcome', ['name' => 'Taylor']);
```

##### to()

```
function to($to = null, $status = 302, $header = [], $secure = null)
```

$to : 有效的內部路徑  
$status 是 HTTP 狀態  
$header 是需要一併傳送的 HTTP 標頭  
$secure : http vs. https 的預設選項

##### route()

```
function route($to = null, $parameters =[], $status = 302, $headers = [])
```

$to : 特定路由名稱  
$parameters : 路由所需的參數

##### withInput()

把表單輸入的資料傳給目標頁面

```
redirect("users.edit")
    ->withInput()
    ->with(["success" => "update success", "id" => 2]);
```

##### env變數設定

設定取得所有變數

```
'debug' => env('APP_DEBUG', false),
```

##### 修改時區

在.env

```
APP_TIMEZONE='America/New_York'
```

在app.php(下方三種方式擇1)

```
'timezone' => 'America/New_York',
'timezone' => env('APP_TIMEZONE', 'UTC'),
```

**完成後可以使用<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">php artisan config:clear </span>清除快取**

##### 問題處理

<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">**會出現游標過大的現象**</span>

```

<html>
<head>
    <title>Laravel 10 Eloquent Model Search Example - ItSolutionStuff.com</title>
    <meta name="csrf-token" content="{{ csrf_token() }}">
    <link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/5.0.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="card">
      <div class="card-header">
        <h2>Laravel 10 Eloquent Model Search Example - ItSolutionStuff.com</h2>
      </div>
      <div class="card-body">
            <form class="row g-3" method="GET" action="{{ route('users.index') }}">
              <div class="col-auto">
                <label for="search" class="visually-hidden">Search</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="search" placeholder="Search" name="search"value="{{ request()->search }}">
              </div>
              <div class="col-auto">
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary mb-3">Search</button>
              </div>
            </form>
            <table class="table table-striped">
                <tr>
                    <th>ID</th>
                    <th>Name</th>
                    <th>Email</th>
                </tr>
                @foreach ($users as $user)
                    <tr>
                        <td>{{ $user->id }}</td>
                        <td>{{ $user->name }}</td>
                        <td>{{ $user->email }}</td>
                    </tr>
                @endforeach
            </table>
            {{$users->links()}}
      </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
```

**<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">將 {{$users-&gt;links()}}  
改成 {{$users-&gt;links('pagination::bootstrap-5')}}</span>**

可以顯示頁數跟上一頁

```
<!-- a Tag for previous page -->
<a href="{{$employees->previousPageUrl()}}">
    <!-- You can insert logo or text here -->
</a>
@for($i=0;$i<=$employees->lastPage();$i++)
    <!-- a Tag for another page -->
    <a href="{{$employees->url($i)}}">{{$i}}</a>
@endfor
<!-- a Tag for next page -->
<a href="{{$employees->nextPageUrl()}}">
    <!-- You can insert logo or text here -->
</a>
```

每次顯示頁數

```
$row = User::paginate(15);
```

帶上原本現有url 的query功能 withQueryString()

```
$row = User::where('name', 'LIKE', "%{$search}%")
      ->paginate(15)
      ->withQueryString();  ＃新增部份
```

這樣一來，你轉頁時得到的網址就是類似如下：

```
xxx.com/user/keyword=xxx&page=2
```

##### fragment() 加上錨點

```
$row = User::where('name', 'LIKE', "%{$search}%")
    ->paginate(15)
    ->fragment('user_data')    #新增部份
    ->withQueryString();
```

這樣一來，你轉頁時得到的網址就是類似如下：

```
xxx.com/user/keyword=xxx&page=2#user_data
```

##### 預設樣式是 Tailwindcss, 你可手動改為 Bootstrap

```
//app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php #路徑
use Illuminate\Pagination\Paginator;    #新增
    public function boot(){
        Paginator::useBootstrap();      #新增
    }
/**
 * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
 *
 * @return array
 */
public function rules()
{
    return [
        'title' => 'required|unique:posts|max:255',
        'body' => 'required',
    ];
}
```

required(必須) unique: table名稱（唯一值）max:值最多255 min:值最少為  
email(email格式) date(日期) nullable(可以空白)  
mimes:png,jpg,jpeg,webp 檔案格式 decimal:0,2 數字 size:11 數子數量  
備註：如果要使用到檔案需要在form新增enctype="multipart/form-data"

驗證規則

```
request()->validate([
    'password' => 'required|confirmed'
])
```

confirmed（密碼驗證  
備註：另一個值需要是password\_confirmation，如下

```
<div class="form-group row">
    <label for="password-confirm" class="col-md-4 col-form-label text-md-right">Confirm Password</label> 
    <div class="col-md-6">
        <input id="password-confirm" type="password" name="password_confirmation" required="required" class="form-control">
    </div>
</div>
```

##### Selects

從資料表中取得所有的資料列

```
$users = DB::table('users')->get();
foreach ($users as $user)
{
    var_dump($user->name);
}
```

從資料表中取得單一資料列

```
$user = DB::table('users')->where('name', 'John')->first();
var_dump($user->name);
```

取得單一欄位值的列表

```
$roles = DB::table('roles')->lists('title');
```

這個方法將會回傳資料表 role 的 title 欄位值的陣列。你也可以透過下面的方法，為回傳的陣列指定自訂鍵值。

```
$roles = DB::table('roles')->lists('title', 'name');
```

指定查詢子句 (Select Clause)

```
$users = DB::table('users')->select('name', 'email')->get();
$users = DB::table('users')->distinct()->get();
$users = DB::table('users')->select('name as user_name')->get();
```

增加查詢子句到既存的查詢中

```
$query = DB::table('users')->select('name');
$users = $query->addSelect('age')->get();
```

使用 where 及運算子

```
$users = DB::table('users')->where('votes', '>', 100)->get();
```

##### 「or」語法

```
$users = DB::table('users')
                    ->where('votes', '>', 100)
                    ->orWhere('name', 'John')
                    ->get();
```

##### 使用 Where Between

```
$users = DB::table('users')
                    ->whereBetween('votes', array(1, 100))->get();
```

##### 使用 Where Not Between

```
$users = DB::table('users')
                    ->whereNotBetween('votes', array(1, 100))->get();
```

##### 使用 Where In 與陣列

```
$users = DB::table('users')
                    ->whereIn('id', array(1, 2, 3))->get();

$users = DB::table('users')
                    ->whereNotIn('id', array(1, 2, 3))->get();
```

##### 排序(Order By)、分群(Group By) 及 Having

```
$users = DB::table('users')
                    ->orderBy('name', 'desc')
                    ->groupBy('count')
                    ->having('count', '>', 100)
                    ->get();
```

##### 偏移(Offset) 及 限制(Limit)

```
$users = DB::table('users')->skip(10)->take(5)->get();
```

##### Joins

查詢產生器也可以使用 join 語法，看看下面的範例：  
基本的 Join 語法

```
DB::table('users')
            ->join('contacts', 'users.id', '=', 'contacts.user_id')
            ->join('orders', 'users.id', '=', 'orders.user_id')
            ->select('users.id', 'contacts.phone', 'orders.price')
            ->get();
```

Left Join 語法

```
DB::table('users')
        ->leftJoin('posts', 'users.id', '=', 'posts.user_id')
        ->get();
```

你也可以指定更進階的 join 子句

```
DB::table('users')
        ->join('contacts', function($join)
        {
            $join->on('users.id', '=', 'contacts.user_id')->orOn(...);
        })
        ->get();
```

如果你想在你的 join 中使用 where 型式的子句，你可以在 join 子句裡使用 where 或 orWhere 方法。下面的方法將會比較 contacts 資料表中的 user\_id 的數值，而不是比較兩個欄位。

```
DB::table('users')
        ->join('contacts', function($join)
        {
            $join->on('users.id', '=', 'contacts.user_id')
                 ->where('contacts.user_id', '>', 5);
        })
        ->get();
```

##### 進階 Where

群組化參數  
有些時候你需要更進階的 where 子句，像是「where exists」或巢狀的群組化參數。Laravel 的查詢產生器也可以處理這樣的情況；

```
DB::table('users')
            ->where('name', '=', 'John')
            ->orWhere(function($query)
            {
                $query->where('votes', '>', 100)
                      ->where('title', '<>', 'Admin');
            })
            ->get();
```

上面的查詢語法會產生下方的 SQL：

```
select * from users
where exists (
    select 1 from orders where orders.user_id = users.id
)
```

##### 聚合

查詢產生器也提供各式各樣的聚合方法，像是 count、max、min、avg 及 sum。  
使用聚合方法

```
$users = DB::table('users')->count();
$price = DB::table('orders')->max('price');
$price = DB::table('orders')->min('price');
$price = DB::table('orders')->avg('price');
$total = DB::table('users')->sum('votes');
```

##### Raw Expressions

有些時候你需要使用 raw expression 在查詢語句裡，這樣的表達式會成為字串插入至查詢，因此要小心勿建立任何 SQL 隱碼攻擊點。要建立 raw expression，你可以使用 DB::raw 方法：

使用 Raw Expression

```
$users = DB::table('users')
                     ->select(DB::raw('count(*) as user_count, status'))
                     ->where('status', '<>', 1)
                     ->groupBy('status')
                     ->get();
```

對欄位遞增或遞減數值

```
DB::table('users')->increment('votes');
DB::table('users')->increment('votes', 5);
DB::table('users')->decrement('votes');
DB::table('users')->decrement('votes', 5);
```

你也可以同時更新其他欄位

```
DB::table('users')->increment('votes', 1, array('name' => 'John'));
```

新增  
新增一筆資料進資料表

```
DB::table('users')->insert(
    array('email' => 'john@example.com', 'votes' => 0)
);
```

新增自動遞增 (Auto-Incrementing) ID 的資料至資料表

如果資料表有自動遞增的ID，可以使用 insertGetId 新增資料並回傳該 ID：

```
$id = DB::table('users')->insertGetId(
    array('email' => 'john@example.com', 'votes' => 0)
);
```

新增多筆資料進資料表

```
DB::table('users')->insert(array(
    array('email' => 'taylor@example.com', 'votes' => 0),
    array('email' => 'dayle@example.com', 'votes' => 0),
));
```

更新  
更新資料表中的資料

```
DB::table('users')
            ->where('id', 1)
            ->update(array('votes' => 1));

Invoices::where('id', $id)->update($request->all());

Invoices::where('id', '>', 0)->update($request->all());
```

多條件

```
$data = DB::table('store_list')->where('ID',2)->where('area','建工')->get();
```

刪除  
刪除資料表中的資料

```
DB::table('users')->where('votes', '<', 100)->delete();
```

刪除資料表中的所有資料

```
DB::table('users')->delete();
```

清空資料表

```
DB::table('users')->truncate();
```

##### Unions

查詢產生器也提供一個快速的方法去「合併 (union)」兩個查詢的結果：

```
$first = DB::table('users')->whereNull('first_name');

$users = DB::table('users')->whereNull('last_name')->union($first)->get();
```

unionAll 方法也可以使用，它與 union 方法的使用方式一樣。

##### 悲觀鎖定 (Pessimistic Locking)

查詢產生器提供了少數函式協助你在 SELECT 語句中做到「悲觀鎖定」。

你只要在 SELECT 語句中加上「Shard lock」，在查詢語句中使用 sharedLock：

```
DB::table('users')->where('votes', '>', 100)->sharedLock()->get();
```

要「鎖住更新(lock for update)」在 select 語法時，你可以使用「lockForUpdate」方法：

要在 SELECT 語句中「鎖住更新」，你僅需在查詢語句中使用 lockForUpdate 方法即可：

```
DB::table('users')->where('votes', '>', 100)->lockForUpdate()->get();
```

##### 快取查詢結果

使用 remember 方法，你可以輕鬆的快取查詢結果：

```
$users = DB::table('users')->remember(10)->get();
```

這個範例中，查詢結果將會快取 10 分鐘。當結果被快取時，查詢語句將不會被執行，而會從應用程式指定的快取驅動器中載入快取的結果。

如果你正在使用的是 支援的快取驅動器，你也可以為快取增加標籤：

```
$users = DB::table('users')->cacheTags(array('people', 'authors'))->remember(10)->get();
```

##### 如何使用auth

```
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
auth()->user()
```

##### 按照那個項目做排序

```
$results = Project::all()->orderBy("name");

$users = User::query()
    ->orderBy('name', 'desc')
    ->get();

$users = User::query()
    ->orderBy('name', 'desc') // [tl! --]
    ->orderByDesc('name') // [tl! ++]
    ->get();

$users = User::query()
    ->orderBy('name', 'desc')
    ->orderBy('email', 'asc')
    ->get();

$ordered = User::query()->orderBy('name');

$reorderedByEmail = $query->reorder('email', 'desc')->get();
```

##### if使用方式

```
if($request->digital_signature == 'APPROVED'){
 // your code
}
elseif($request->digital_signature == 'NOT-APPROVED'){
// your code
}
```

##### 可以使用||設定多個條件方式

```
public function new_approvel_update(Request $request, $id)
{  
    if($request->digital_signature == 'WITH DIGITAL SIGNATURE')
    {
          $input= Student::Where('delete_status','NOT DELETED')->find($id);
          $input['center_approved'] = strtoupper ('APPROVED');
          $input['date_of_join'] = $request->date_of_join;   
    }
elseif($request->digital_signature == 'WITHOUT DIGITAL SIGNATURE') {     
          $input= Student::Where('delete_status','NOT DELETED')->find($id);
          $input['center_approved'] = strtoupper ('NOT-APPROVED');
          $input['date_of_join'] = $request->date_of_join;
    }

  $certificate->save();

  return redirect('new_application')->with('success',' APPLICATION APPROVED SUCCESSFULLY .');
}

```

##### 時間使用

```
Carbon::now()->format('d-m-Y')     #取現在的時間並規定格式
```

##### 檔案確認跟刪除

可以使用file跟storage 兩種方式

```
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\File;

$file_path = public_path('path/to/your/file.txt');
if (File::exists($file_path)) {
    File::delete($file_path);
    echo 'File deleted successfully.';
} else {
    echo 'File does not exist.';
}
```

##### 移除多個檔案

```
$files_to_delete = ['path/to/file1.txt', 'path/to/file2.txt', 'path/to/file3.txt'];

foreach ($files_to_delete as $file_path) {
    if (File::exists($file_path)) {
        File::delete($file_path);
        echo 'File deleted successfully: ' . $file_path . PHP_EOL;
    } else {
        echo 'File does not exist: ' . $file_path . PHP_EOL;
    }
}
```

##### Download資料

```
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;

public function downloadFile($id){
  $path = Student::where("id", $id)->value("file_path");
  return Storage::download($path);}

public function downloadFile()
{
    $file_path = public_path('path/to/file.pdf');
    $file_name = 'custom_file_name.pdf';

    return response()->download($file_path, $file_name);
}
```

##### 上傳資料

```
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Models\File;
class FileUpload extends Controller
{
  public function createForm(){
    return view('file-upload');
  }
  public function fileUpload(Request $req){
        $req->validate([
        'file' => 'required|mimes:csv,txt,xlx,xls,pdf|max:2048'
        ]);
        $fileModel = new File;
        if($req->file()) {
            $fileName = time().'_'.$req->file->getClientOriginalName();
            $filePath = $req->file('file')->storeAs('uploads', $fileName, 'public');
            $fileModel->name = time().'_'.$req->file->getClientOriginalName();
            $fileModel->file_path = '/storage/' . $filePath;
            $fileModel->save();
            return back()
            ->with('success','File has been uploaded.')
            ->with('file', $fileName);
        }
   }
}
```

##### 將數據加上hash值

```
$user->forceFill([
	'password' => Hash::make($request->password),
	'remember_token' => Str::random(60),
])->save();
```

##### 使用hash比對

```
if (Hash::check('plain-text', $hashedPassword)) {
}
```

##### Left()

```
select left(dffgrrerew,3)     #從左方取用3個位元
```

##### right()

```
select right(dffgrrerew,3)    #從右方取用3個位元
```

##### substring()

```
select substring(dsafwegre,3,4)    #從第三為開始取，取4個位數。
select substring(dsafwegre,3)      #從第三位到結束
select substring(dsafwegre,-3)     #從倒數第三位到結束
select substring(dsafwegre,-4,2)   #從倒數第四位取2位
select substring(dsafwegre,w,2)    #從w取前面2個字元
select substring(dsafwegre,w,-2)    #從w取後面2個字元
```

<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">**備註：如果關鍵字不再會取所有的字元**</span>

### <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Excel 資料import/export</span>

```
composer require maatwebsite/excel
```

建立import跟export的app資料夾

```
php artisan make:import UsersImport --model=User
```

app/Imports/UsersImport.php

```
<?php

namespace App\Imports;

use App\Models\User;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\ToModel;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithHeadingRow;
use Hash;

  class UsersImport implements ToModel, WithHeadingRow
{
    /**
    * @param array $row
    *
    * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model|null
    */
    public function model(array $row)
    {
        return new User([
            'name'     => $row['name'],
            'email'    => $row['email'],
             'password' => Hash::make($row['password']),
        ]);
    }
}
```

```
php artisan make:export UsersExport --model=User
```

app/Exports/UsersExport.php

```
<?php

namespace App\Exports;

use App\Models\User;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\FromCollection;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Concerns\WithHeadings;

  class UsersExport implements FromCollection, WithHeadings
{
    /**
    * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
    */
    public function collection()
    {
        return User::select("id", "name", "email")->get();
    }
      /**
     * Write code on Method
     *
     * @return response()
     */
    public function headings(): array
    {
        return ["ID", "Name", "Email"];
    }
}
```

```
php artisan make:controller UserController
```

app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php

```
<?php
  namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Exports\UsersExport;
use App\Imports\UsersImport;
use Maatwebsite\Excel\Facades\Excel;
use App\Models\User;

  class UserController extends Controller
{
    /**
    * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
    */
    public function index()
    {
        $users = User::get();
          return view('users', compact('users'));
    }

    /**
    * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
    */
    public function export()
     {
        return Excel::download(new UsersExport, 'users.xlsx');
     }

    /**
    * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
    */
    public function import()
     {
        Excel::import(new UsersImport,request()->file('file'));
        return back();
    }
}
```

routes/web.php

```
<?php

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
  
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 Web Routes
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Here is where you can register web routes for your application. These
| routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which
| contains the "web" middleware group. Now create something great!
|
*/

Route::controller(UserController::class)->group(function(){
    Route::get('users', 'index');
    Route::get('users-export', 'export')->name('users.export');
    Route::post('users-import', 'import')->name('users.import');

});
```

resources/views/users.blade.php

```

<html>
<head>
    <title>Laravel 10 Import Export Excel to Database Example - ItSolutionStuff.com</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
     <div class="container">
    <div class="card bg-light mt-3">
        <div class="card-header">
            Laravel 10 Import Export Excel to Database Example - ItSolutionStuff.com
        </div>
        <div class="card-body">
            <form action="{{ route('users.import') }}" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
                @csrf
                <input type="file" name="file" class="form-control">
                <br>
                <button class="btn btn-success">Import User Data</button>
            </form>
              <table class="table table-bordered mt-3">
                <tr>
                    <th colspan="3">
                        List Of Users
                        <a class="btn btn-warning float-end" href="{{ route('users.export') }}">Export User Data</a>
                    </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <th>ID</th>
                    <th>Name</th>
                    <th>Email</th>
                </tr>
                @foreach($users as $user)
                <tr>
                    <td>{{ $user->id }}</td>
                    <td>{{ $user->name }}</td>
                    <td>{{ $user->email }}</td>
                </tr>
                @endforeach
            </table>
          </div>
    </div>
</div>
     </body>
</html>
```

### autoload最佳化(正式環境使用)

```
composer install --optimize-autoloader --no-dev

php artisan config:cache

php artisan route:cache

php artisan view:cache

APP_DEBUG = false         #將debug關掉

{{ Auth::user()->name }}   #登入後可以顯示名稱

use App\Models\User;       #使用資料庫的方法

$users = User::all();

<input type = "text" value="{{ old('title') }}" name = "title" class = "w-2/5 border-gray-300 p-2 mx-2">

<textarea name = "content" rows = "20" class = "w-4/5 m-auto border-gray-300 p-2 " >{{ old('content') }}</textarea>

<textarea name = "summary" rows = "5" class = "w-4/5 m-auto border-gray-300 p-2" >{{ old('summary') }}</textarea>

<input type = "date" value="{{ old('start_time') }}" name = "start_time" class = "border-gray-300 p-2 mx-2">

<input type = "date" value="{{ old('end_time') }}" name = "end_time" class = "border-gray-300 p-2 mx-2">
```

<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">**old為填入表格的舊值**</span>

```
<form action="/register" method="POST" id="registration-form">
  @csrf
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="username-register" class="text-muted mb-1"><small>Username</small></label>
    <input value="{{old('username')}}" name="username" id="username-register" class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Pick a username" autocomplete="off" />
      @error('username')
          <p class="m-0 small alert alert-danger shadow-sm">{{$message}}</p>
      @enderror
  </div>

  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="email-register" class="text-muted mb-1"><small>Email</small></label>
    <input value="{{old('email')}}" name="email" id="email-register" class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="you@example.com" autocomplete="off" />
      @error('email')
          <p class="m-0 small alert alert-danger shadow-sm">{{$message}}</p>
      @enderror
  </div>

  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="password-register" class="text-muted mb-1"><small>Password</small></label>
    <input name="password" id="password-register" class="form-control" type="password" placeholder="Create a password" />
      @error('password')
          <p class="m-0 small alert alert-danger shadow-sm">{{$message}}</p>
      @enderror
  </div>

  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="password-register-confirm" class="text-muted mb-1"><small>Confirm Password</small></label>
    <input name="password_confirmation" id="password-register-confirm" class="form-control" type="password" placeholder="Confirm password" />
      @error('password_confirmation')
          <p class="m-0 small alert alert-danger shadow-sm">{{$message}}</p>
       @enderror
  </div>

  <button type="submit" class="py-3 mt-4 btn btn-lg btn-success btn-block">Sign up for OurApp</button>
</form>
```

**<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">使用@error可以檢查該項輸入是否有錯誤</span>**

##### 使用Laravel使用檔案

```
Storage::disk('local')->put('example.txt', 'Contents');
```

<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">**預設狀況下，程式產生的檔案都會放在 storage/app 資料夾下。這個資料夾底下的檔案是不會透過網路對外公開的。**</span>

```
./vendor/bin/sail artisan storage:link
```

**<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">更簡單的做法，是做一個連接，將 public/storage 這個路徑連接到 storage/app/public 內，這樣我們就可以將檔案放在 storage/app/public 內，但是檔案也對外公開了。</span>**  
**<span style="color: rgb(224, 62, 45);">要產生這個連接，相信各位讀者又猜到了，還是透過 artisan</span>**

如果你希望不要儲存檔案到本地電腦內，而是傳到網路儲存的服務，比方說 AWS 的 S3 上，在 Laravel 要這麼做也很簡單首先，我們先安裝對應的套件

```
./vendor/bin/sail composer require league/flysystem-aws-s3-v3 "^3.0"
```

S3 的設定已經預設寫在 config/filesystem.php 內，我們只需要在 .env 裡面加上對應的設置參數即可

```
's3' => [
	'driver' => 's3',
	'key' => env('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'),
	'secret' => env('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'),
	'region' => env('AWS_DEFAULT_REGION'),
	'bucket' => env('AWS_BUCKET'),
	'url' => env('AWS_URL'),
	'endpoint' => env('AWS_ENDPOINT'),
	'use_path_style_endpoint' => env('AWS_USE_PATH_STYLE_ENDPOINT', false),
	'throw' => false,
],
```

.env 預設參數如下

```
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=
AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1
AWS_BUCKET=
AWS_USE_PATH_STYLE_ENDPOINT=false
```

要讀取檔案也很直觀

```
$contents = Storage::get('file.jpg');
```

如果希望取得一些基礎的檔案資訊，也非常簡單比方說，size() 可以取得檔案的大小

```
Storage::size('file.jpg');
```

lastModified() 可以取得檔案最後修改的時間

```
$time = Storage::lastModified('file.jpg');
```

##### Laravel 存取其他伺服器：Http Client

Laravel 裡面已經安裝好了 guzzlehttp 套件，並且做了一層包裝。

我們只要使用 Illuminate\\Support\\Facades\\Http 就能取得其他伺服器的回應

```
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;
 
$response = Http::get('https://www.google.com');
```

取得回應之後，我們就能根據該回應的內容，判斷後續對應的行為。

比方說，可以取得回應的 Http Status

```
$response->status()
```

或者取得回應的 Header key-value pair 的陣列

```
$response->headers()
```

又或者取得回應的 body

```
$response->body()
```

當然，有時候資料不能這麼簡單的透過 HTTP GET 取得

可能必須透過 POST 取得

```
$response = Http::post('http://example.com/users', [
    'name' => 'Steve',
    'role' => 'Network Administrator',
]);
```

有些網站接收的不是 API 格式的內容，而是網頁的 Form Submit

```
$response = Http::asForm()->post('http://example.com/users', [
    'name' => 'Sara',
    'role' => 'Privacy Consultant',
]);
```

或者接收的不是純文字內容的請求，而是在請求的 body 內包含檔案

```
$response = Http::withBody(
    base64_encode($photo), 'image/jpeg'
)->post('http://example.com/photo');
```

另外，也有可能其他伺服器需要特定格式的 Header 才接收請求

```
$response = Http::withHeaders([
    'X-First' => 'foo',
    'X-Second' => 'bar'
])->post('http://example.com/users', [
    'name' => 'Taylor',
]);
```

##### 迴圈

```
@switch($role)
    @case('admin')
        <p>You are an admin.</p>
        @break
    @case('user')
        <p>You are a user.</p>
        @break
    @default
        <p>Your role is not defined.</p>
@endswitch
```

```
@isset($products)
    ...
@endisset
```

```
@empty($records)
    ...
@endempty
```

```
@for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++)
    The current value is {{ $i }}
@endfor
```

```
@foreach($products as $product)
    <li>{{ $product->name }}</li>
@endforeach
```

```
@forelse($products as $product)
    <li>{{ $product->name }}</li>
@empty
    <p>No products found.</p>
@endforelse
```

```
@while (true)
    <p>I'm looping forever.</p>
@endwhile
```

```
@auth
    <p>You're logged in</p>
@endauth
```

```
@guest
    <p>Please login</p>
@endguest
```

{{-- Add raw php code --}}

```
@php
    $counter = 1;
@endphp
```

{{-- Show JSON data --}}

```
@json($products, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT)
```

{{-- Create a stack (in a component)--}}

```
@stack('script')
```

{{-- Push to a stack (when using the component) --}}

```
@push('script')  
    <script>
        console.log('Script is working!')
    </script>
@endpush
```

### CRUD

##### Create

```
$newUser = User::create(['name' => 'John Doe', 'email' => 'john@example.com']);
```

##### Read

```
$users = User::all();
$user = User::find(1);
$activeUsers = User::where('status', 'active')->get();
$tags = Product::where('name', 'Some Product')->first()->tags; // Because we define relationships it's easy to get related dat
```

##### Update

```
$user = User::find(1);
$user->update(['name' => 'Updated Name']);
User::where('status', 'inactive')->update(['status' => 'active']);
```

##### Delete

```
$user = User::find(1);
$user->delete();
User::where('status', 'inactive')->delete();
```

### Query Builder

##### Selecting Data

```
$users = DB::table('users')
    ->select('name', 'email')
    ->where('name', 'like', "%vince%")
    ->orWhere('name', 'like', "%patrick%")
    ->where('active', true)
    ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
    ->get();
```

##### Joining Tables and select specific Columns with conditions

```
$users = DB::table('users')
    ->join('orders', 'users.id', '=', 'orders.user_id')
    ->select('users.id as user_id', 'users.name as user_name', 'orders.id as order_id', 'orders.amount', 'orders.created_at')
    ->where('orders.status', '=', 'completed')
    ->where('users.active', '=', true)
    ->orderBy('orders.created_at', 'desc')
    ->get();
```

##### Aggregates

```
$totalOrders = DB::table('orders')->count();
$averagePrice = DB::table('products')->avg('price');
```

##### Insert, Update, Delete

```

DB::table('users')->insert(['name' => 'John Doe', 'email' => 'john@example.com']);
DB::table('users')->where('id', 1)->update(['name' => 'Updated Name']);
DB::table('users')->where('id', 1)->delete();
```

### Storage(檔案存取)

##### Store a file in the default disk (usually 'public')

```
Storage::put('file.txt', 'Hello, Laravel!');
```

##### Get the contents of a file

```
$contents = Storage::get('file.txt');
```

##### Delete a file

```
Storage::delete('file.txt');
```

##### Check if a file exists

```
if (Storage::exists('file.txt')) {
    // File exists
}
```

##### Create a directory

```
Storage::makeDirectory('images');
```

##### Delete a directory

```
Storage::deleteDirectory('images');
```

### Authentication

##### Get the currently authenticated user  


```
$user = auth()->user();             // or Auth::user();  
```

##### Get one attribute off the currently authenticated user (e.g. name, email, id, ...)

```
$name = auth()->user()->name;       // or Auth::user()->name;
```

### Middleware

##### You can register your custom middleware for easier usage in app/Http/Kernel.php.

```
protected $middlewareAliases = [
    'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
    ...
    'active' => \App\Http\Middleware\ActiveUser::class,    
];
```

Use your middleware on routes (for example in routes/web.php) which will cause the logic to be executed everytime a request is made to that route. Beware of the order you use when assigning middleware, this is also the order of execution.

// When registered you can use middleware like this.

```
Route::get('/profile', function () {
    // ...
})->middleware(['auth', 'active']);
```

// Alternative way is to use it like this (also possible when it's not registered)

```
Route::get('/profile', function () {
    // ...
})->middleware(Authenticate::class, Active::class);
```

數字與字串的差異

如何分辨是字串還是數字?

首先我們先了解如何分辨是字串還是數字?字串有加引號，數字沒有。

```
$thisIsInt = 10;     → 數字 (int)

$thisIsStr = "10";  → 字串 (string)
```

</body></html>